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What is Trabeculectomy?
Trabeculectomy is a surgical intervention generally adopted for the management of glaucoma, a condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that may result in optic nerve damage and subsequent loss of vision. The aim of trabeculectomy is to decrease IOP by creating a new pathway for aqueous humor to drain out of the eye. This procedure is generally advised in cases where all other treatments involving medicines or laser therapy have been tried and further pressure control is unsuccessful. Trabeculectomy prevents further damage to the optic nerve by ensuring better fluid drainage, thus maintaining vision.
How is Trabeculectomy Performed?
Normally, trabeculectomy is done under local anesthesia; the patient is awake but numb in the area being treated. The surgeon makes a small incision in the sclera-the white part of the eye-creating a flap that allows aqueous humor to drain into a small reservoir underneath the conjunctiva, the thin membrane covering the eye. The body absorbs this reservoir. The surgery generally takes 60 to 90 minutes. In some cases, a small tube is placed which helps to drain the fluid easily. The eye is patched after the surgery for protection. Complications are looked for after the surgery.
Recovery and Aftercare
After trabeculectomy, patients are followed closely for adequate healing and IOP regulation. The healing process can take a couple of weeks, when the patient is able to lead a normal life with minor inconveniences like irritation of the eye and blurred vision. The postoperative recommendations given by the surgeon may include the use of eye drops so that infection and inflammation could be avoided. Patients should avoid strenuous activities, heavy lifting, and activities which may put stress on the eye. Follow-up visits will be very necessary regularly to ensure that this new drainage pathway is working well and the IOP remains stable. Sometimes, additional treatments may be necessary in order to optimize the results.
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Eye pressure, also known as intraocular pressure (IOP), refers to the fluid pressure inside the eye. Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions where elevated eye pressure can damage the optic nerve, leading to vision loss.
Glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages. However, as the condition advances, individuals may experience vision loss, peripheral vision problems, halos around lights, and eye pain.
How is eye pressure measured? Eye pressure is measured using a tonometer. The most common method involves numbing the eye with eye drops and then using a small device to gently touch the surface of the eye and measure the pressure.
Treatment may include prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser therapy, or surgical interventions. The goal is to reduce eye pressure and slow down or prevent further damage to the optic nerve.